Development of aquatic skills in a child with visual and intellectual disability

El objetivo de este estudio de caso fue analizar el desarrollo de las habilidades acuáticas de un niño con deficiencia visual total e intelectual severa. Para esto, este niño, de siete años de edad, participó en un programa de actividades acuáticas, con atención individualizado, durante 12 sesiones. La matriz de evaluación de las habilidades acuáticas de Winnick (2010) fue utilizada como instrumento para recolectar datos. El análisis de los datos sucedió de forma descriptiva. El alumno presentó desempeño positivo en tres categorías: Entradas, salidas y orientación en el agua. Se destaca la comprensión de la entrada y de la salida por la rampa adaptada; el dominio en la realización del giro lateral y del zambullida frontal; y, la mejoría en las 14 habilidades de la categoría orientación en el agua. Las actividades acuáticas le permitieron al alumno superar sus dificultades dando un salto cualitativo en la ejecución de determinadas habilidadesThe purpose of this descriptive case study was to analyze the development of aquatic skills of a child with total visual and severe intellectual disability. Therefore, this child, seven years old, participates in a program of water activities, with individualized service for 12 sessions. The assessment matrix of aquatic skills, Winnick (2010), was used as a tool for data collection. The student showed positive performances in three categories: entering and coming out of the water and in the water orientation. The understanding of the entry is emphasized and exit through the adapted ramp; controlling the performance of lateral bearing and frontal diving; and, improvement on the 14 skills in the category of water orientation. The water activities allowed the student to overcome difficulties by making a qualitative improvement in the performance of certain skill

Synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazoles under mild conditions catalyzed by a heteropolyacid-containing task-specific ionic liquid and catalyst investigation by electrospray (tandem) mass spectrometry

A task-specific ionic liquid constituted by a Bronsted acid (1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate) as the cation, namely MSI, and by [PW12O40](3-) as the triply charged counter-anion, namely PW (a heteropolyacid derivative), was used as an efficient catalyst for the condensation reaction between aldehydes and o-phenylenediamines.A task-specific ionic liquid constituted by a Bronsted acid (1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate) as the cation, namely MSI, and by [PW12O40]3− as the triply charged counter-anion, namely PW (a heteropolyacid derivative), was used as a5856941869422sem informaçãosem informaçã

Metals, n-Alkanes, Hopanes, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Sediments from Three Amazonian Streams Crossing Manaus (Brazil)

Pollution is increasing in the Amazon region and its real impact is still unclear. Since this region is of great interest to the global community, this study aimed to assess geochemical biomarkers and metals in sediments from three streams crossing Manaus, a Brazilian city of 2.1 million inhabitants located in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. The Mindu and Quarenta streams criss-cross the urban area of Manaus and receive domestic effluents from many heavily populated districts. In addition, the Quarenta stream is subjected to effluents from the industrial district of Manaus. The Tarumã-Açu stream is mostly covered by vegetation, although the region presents some occurrence of family farming, floating petrol station, marinas, and floating restaurants and bars. n-Alkanes were determined by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID), whereas hopanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The metals Ag, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Concentrations of total PAHs and metals were higher in sediments from the urban streams Mindu and Quarenta because of the occurrence of more intense and diverse sources of pollution. In addition, some sediment samples from both these streams presented concentrations of fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and metals higher than the limits of low probability of adverse effects on biota established by the international guideline and by the Brazilian legislation. A similar total n-alkane concentration for sediments from all streams associated with profiles of n-alkanes with no odd/even hydrocarbon predominance suggests that biomass burning is an important source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum-derived products also represented a source for n-alkanes, as confirmed by the presence of α,β-hopanes, including an α,β-homohopane series from C31 to C35 with the presence of both 22S and 22R epimers. This is the first report on n-alkanes, PAHs, and hopanes in sediments from the Mindu, Quarenta, and Tarumã-Açu streams. The concentrations reported herein may be considered as baseline data in future monitoring programs of these streams